The following terms represent the journal's essential ethical elements of publication that should be taken into account by all the parties involved in the publication process.

For a peer-reviewed journal, the publication of articles plays an essential role in the development of a coherent network of knowledge. It is, therefore, essential that all publishers, editors, authors, and reviewers, in the process of publishing the journals, conduct themselves in accordance with the highest level of professional ethics and standards.

We follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)’s Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers (Core practices). The publisher is dedicated to supporting the vast efforts of the editors, the academic contributions of authors, and the respected volunteer work undertaken by reviewers.

The publisher is also responsible for ensuring that the publication system works smoothly and that ethical guidelines are applied to assist the editor, author, and reviewer in performing their ethical duties.

We follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)’s Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors (Core practices). In addition, key editorial duties include:

• Acknowledge receipt of submitted manuscripts within two working days and ensure an efficient, fair, and timely review process.
• Ensure that submitted manuscripts are processed confidentially, disclosing content only to corresponding authors, reviewers, and the publisher as appropriate.
• Recuse oneself from processing manuscripts with conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with authors or institutions.
• Protect the anonymity and details of reviewers from third parties without prior permission.
• Make final acceptance/rejection decisions based on significance, originality, clarity, and relevance to the journal scope.
• Never force authors to cite the journal as an explicit or implied condition of publication.
• Do not use unpublished data or work from submissions for personal research.
• Respond promptly and take reasonable measures (retractions/corrections) when ethical complaints arise concerning submitted or published papers.

We follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)’s COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers (Core practices). Key expectations for reviewers:

• Immediately notify the editor and decline if unqualified to review or unable to meet the deadline.
• Recuse oneself from reviewing manuscripts with conflicts of interest (personal or academic relationships introducing bias).
• Treat manuscripts as strictly confidential documents and avoid discussing them with unauthorized parties.
• Approach the review objectively; personal criticism of authors is strictly unacceptable.
• Do not use unpublished data or work from submissions for personal research.
• Immediately alert the editor to substantial similarities, duplicate submissions, plagiarism, or falsified data.

• No Concurrent Submissions: Authors must not submit concurrent manuscripts (or overlapping subject matter) to multiple journals, nor submit previously published papers.
• Accurate Reporting: Present a precise, brief report of research and impartial description of its significance, supported by honestly gathered/interpreted data.
• Data Accessibility: Provide raw data upon request for editorial review and public access, and retain data for post-publication reference.
• Originality & Plagiarism: Guarantee work is original. Proper citation is required for all borrowed text/ideas. Plagiarism in any form is completely unacceptable.
• Disclosures: Explicitly indicate all funding sources and declare any conflicts of interest.
• Authorship Credits: Acknowledge all contributors. Significant contributors must be listed as co-authors and approve the final submitted version.
• Post-Publication Corrections: Promptly inform the editor of obvious errors in published papers and cooperate sincerely on retractions or corrections.