Synergistic Effects of Coenzyme Q10 and Calcium Carbonate Composite on Mandibular Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Model

Abstract

Background: Bone healing is a complex process involving the formation of new bone to repair defects. Various supplements, such as Coenzyme Q10 and Calcium carbonate, have been studied for their potential to enhance bone regeneration. Coenzyme Q10 Act as antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress and may promote osteoblast activity, while calcium carbonate provides calcium ions necessary for bone mineralization. Combining two agents together could improve bone healing outcomes, particularly in surgical defects of the mandibular bone. Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Coenzyme Q10 and/or calcium carbonate on blood N-Telopeptides of Type I Collagen (NTx) and Bone-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP) levels, as well as the histological effects in rabbits at the healing site in the mandibular bone following surgery. Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, sixty male New Zealand rabbits underwent surgical creation of a standardized mandibular bone defect. The animals were allocated to six groups (n=10/group): a negative control (empty defect) and five treatment groups where the defect was filled with either Coenzyme Q10, CaCO₃, or one of three CaCO₃: Coenzyme Q10 ratio mixtures (1:1, 1:2, 2:1). Histological and biochemical analyses were performed to assess bone healing at 15 and 30days post operation. Results: All treated groups exhibited a significant decrease in NTx and a significant increase in BALP levels compared to control values at 30 days, confirming a positive shift in bone metabolism. Histological analysis indicated enhanced bone regeneration in all treatment groups compared to the control, with the Coenzyme Q10 + CaCO₃ (1:2) composite showing the most substantial improvement, as evidenced by increased bone fill and osteoblast activity. A one-way ANOVA identified statistically significant differences in bone healing outcomes between the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study found that a 2:1 calcium carbonate/Coenzyme Q10 composite graft significantly enhances mandibular bone regeneration by dual osteogenic and anti-resorptive mechanisms, supporting its potential as a smart bone graft material.